The Transit Workforce Shortage Study builds a framework for APTA, its members, and its partner organizations to better understand the workforce shortage’s causes and outlines best practices for recruiting, hiring, and retaining transit operations workers. The study consisted of two phases: Phase 1 updated and expanded previous research on the worker shortage using a combination of a survey of transit agencies and background research into the macro causes of the shortage and produced an Interim Findings Report, published in October 2022. Phase 2 involved extensive outreach to public transit agencies and a subsequent survey of operations workers to characterize in detail the broader themes identified earlier. This document synthesizes the findings of Phase 2 with those from Phase 1 and presents a toolkit for agencies to assess and bolster their workforce management activities.